Customer Opinions
Cultura chineza
tries to discover in simplicity. Identify yourself with the lack of difference. Follow the nature of things and give up any personal impulse and thus the world will be harmonious. “Zhuan Huang River valley Zi.Pe-Go, now about 4000 years ago was born a flourishing civilization, mystical, you have to impress European culture over centuries.
Naturally isolated in the rest of the Middle: in the west, chains of mountains of the highest in the world have tied her up and also have a separate area from the vast Tibet in the north, the giant building, Chinese Great Wall, Great Galbena in east and in South China Sea, accommodated by a geographically vast (from “steep mountains, desert and steppe, the vast fertile plains, jungle and swamp areas) difficulties of access in the Chinese, they allowed the country to develop a civilization in which foreign influences invading peoples were quickly assimilated. “In most countries,” the old social organism disappeared, traces the life of another time is not preserved in living traditions and forms of culture we have replaced the vechi.In China, however, these solutions continue to exist, can be traced over nearly four millennia.
Traditions, customs forms old culture is preserved in advanced ways of expression, of course, but similar to those ancient. For Chinese, tradition has remained an active spiritual reservoir. Civilization created in the second millennium i.e.n. Yellow River valley in present since then fundamentally distinct Chinese features, and writing in Chinese today recognizes the stylization of icons on the bones of guessed by now almost 3500 years. “tradition lies in the early history of a Chinese legendary emperor . Thus, the first emperor, Fu-xi would have invented the net and Vanatorilor sides, he at first began to cook food, to divide the country domesticeasca clans and animals. Second, Sheng-Nong, is assigned plug invention, the culture of grain trade fairs and establishment of the discovery of the curative properties plantalor.
Follow-Ji Huang, who had invented the cart and boat, bow and arrows, mortar and building houses, and writing 12-tone music, he would be up and mortuary rites sitemului prices, a country divided in provinces and has initiated the growth of worms silk. A less mythic, less vague, the last three: Yao, Shun and Yu, the first he had owed invention clothing, liturgical music, Astronomy of the seasons and months, the fight against Miao tribes, the establishment of the 5 penalties and operating system; and the last two-state rate regulation and rivers pouring the first trepieduri 
bronze. dynasties of China, have influence over the centuries, culture and civilization of this country . Thus, the oldest dynasty whose existence is indisputable is Xia dynasty (or Hia, 2205-1766 BC), followed by the Shang dynasty, which dates from the inscriptions on bones and the shell of turtle. Form of expression is very concise (between 10 and 65 words). A deeply religious sentiment dates from this period based on the cult of ancestors. King divides country manor in which they divided his family, friends and some tribal capetenii in exchange obligation to provide troops in case of war. King was head of the state cult. Are built fortified towns with no economic importance but because the Chinese was a farming through excellence and breeding will be an important secondary has throughout history. Growth worms are known for a long, silk becomes since the beginning of this epoch, a typical product of the Chinese economy. Shang state, first state with a Chinese political and cultural physiognomy defined, and who exercised an influence civilizatorica and outside its borders, it crashed because of domestic social movements, but after pressure Zhou tribes. ”
Although inferior in terms of culture, Zhou kings were held to consider the issue of the Shang dynasty and the last king of the dynasties was held on the throne, but deemed dependent.
There is a decadent period, who are installing the management of kings Qin, introducing a series of reforms, so the Great Wall was rebuilt, with great human sacrifice on a large distance of over 2500 km, with numerous and fortress watch-towers of the impressive work of building a world intrecand even the pyramids of Egypt. They built roads royal court reserved exclusively, 75 m wide, planted with pine trees on the edge many palaturi, parks, summer residences. This dynasty was but against culture and intellectuals, destroying books deleting thinking free, private schools, instruction became the state monopoly.
Age Tang period was the zenith of Chinese civilization. Religious tolerance which gave proof that dynasty, whose illustrious representative was Tai-Zong, allowed the spread of Buddhist doctrines, as well as parseeism of manizeismului and Christian missionary nestorieni. Cultural life has gained a strong momentum, momentum that this time China and sent to Japan, considering it was under influeenta. It was golden age of poetry, the era in which they lived the greatest poets of China: Li Taibo, Du Fu, Wang Wei, and which appeared in the major schools of painting. Century in the eighth-century imperial library has over 54,000 volumes (when Charles the Great had not even read!). Sculpture is issued religious schemes now, and painting, especially the Buddhist influence, culminates with the famous frescoes of the Dunhuang. Porcelain art is defined Tang style characteristic of the “three colors” (decoration in yellow and green on a white background). Clasicior texts engraved on the stone stele are transferred, using ink on paper. Woodcut (xylographic) becomes a very popular art, and in the middle of the nineteenth-century XI invents by Pi Sheng typefaces mobile.
“In the cultural field, in the era Shong have made remarkable progress. Writings have spread enormously in increasingly large masses, thanks to the invention of printing, which in XI century becomes general use. Poetry was not raised again at the time of the previous art, but now is like poetry written to be sung “but”, and a new literary genre,
like the novel. Art (especially in painting, the landscape monochrome) Shong period was the golden period, as Tang period was golden age of poetry. Shong Age is represented by artists who paint flowers, birds, human figures, especially the painters who, using monochrome technique, encountered more frequently, the landscape will lead to the highest heights of the genre. This is Xing-Hao, painter of majestic mountains and author of a famous painting of the Treaty, Li Sheng, who paints trees with force and with a volubility spontaneietate scenes or Xu Tao-ning, whose winter landscapes have an extraordinary depth spatial . The largest Chinese landscape is considered but Guo Xi, “his paintings are dramatic, abundand episodes in the story … a force flush celebrativa grand forces of nature especially the mountains, and being heroic allegorical scene also huge consumers of …” (A . Gingamino). Chinese painting aesthetics, principles, canons and technical processes are fundamentally different from those of European painting. 
Near painting Chinese painting is the only Japanese who, alminteri, was born of Chinese painting. According confuciene conception, a painter can not reach the sublime in art if he as a person, not a moral eminently see G. Rowley, adding that, unlike European art, the Chinese do not connect the condition of an ethics inderogabila premise of religious. And quotes in this respect semnificativele lyrics that address the artist known Chinese poet:
“Purify your heart and you will kill discomposure vulgare;
Read more to enter the royal land of mystery principles;
give up your fame and once you fulfill the power of your coverage is now much higher;
Intovaraseste up with cultivated people, so that enriches your manners and style. ”
(Shen Tsung-chien, sec. XVIII)
For Chinese patruns is the nature of a divine essence, in it and integrate it detaches and cereasca human nature itself, ultimately. A common principle of order that regulates the running of the Universe, and the human society. Nature and society form an intimate society. Man must comply with the order according to the cosmic rhythm.
“Music reflects the harmony of nature and moral foundations of human society, the human lie in the laws the universe” (RIGruber). And China is the obvious connection between music and poetry, the more so as Chinese language phonetics, where the meaning of the word changes depending on the intonation, vocal music obligation to pursue in a perfectly proper speech intonation.
This in civil and religious ceremonies, and in the work, music has been preserved in the Chinese book of songs in the form of songs dating from the VI century BC, because the Chinese since ancient times possessed a real music system. In the old system, which used only 5 sounds were subsequently introduced two additional steps, to reach in the end to a system of 12 musical tones. Chinese music is distinguished by a very large melodicitate; overbear registers high and often strident tones. Very often the Chinese used a free rhythm, ragtime, and alternation of measures with measures seems odd. But mainly, the stamps is determined by the great variety of materials used for instruments: stone, clay, arama, skin tools, wood, silk, which gives a great wealth of colors sound palette. Among the most popular tools, of which a charge is kin, a percussion instrument consisting of different stones sound, giving a fresh sound. Also, the wind Cheng, a resonance box with 12 to 17 bamboo tubes with a metal reed of a bassoon. Several types of stringed instruments-with arcus, pitted or percussion (bells gonguri, drums, bete wood, iron blades, wind instruments: different flute, trumpet, trumpet, ocarina, terracotta.
“Returning to the book of songs, this is a collection of 311 poems, the oldest dating from the IX century BC . The topics are very diverse songs for various ceremonies or sacrifices agrarian, descriptive poems, episodes of rural life, satirical pieces, bridal, pastoral, songs of love, longing, work, war, etc.. Na china created great epic poems, but in their absence, all the pieces of the song book retracing the complex life of the peasants, subject to disaster, war or abuse disaster, corruption and rapacitatii their master and servants:
How living in freedom wild geese
In the rest of bushy trees Yu river!
But we, the peasants, we never rest, always working to master,
We can not even semana meiul or grow rice. ”
The variety of themes and the intensity of feeling, the perfect naturalness of tuna and plasticity images by spontaneity notatiei details of daily life and sense of freshness permanent nature, book of songs reconstruct the image faithful life and mentality of Chinese people. The tradition as the most valuable and authentic, has exerted a profound and continuing influence on Chinese poetry later.
The first large-known poet, Qu - Yuan has participated actively in political life. In extensive poem mysteries of poetize traditions, myths and legends. Love of country and banishing despair which was submitted under a cloud-find-and-found expression in a pathetic Ode, elegize and in the lyrics of 370 of his capital, Li Sao (sadness transfer):
“Oh, not to anyone in this country to understand!
Why me go, then, to miss it?
Ah, there is no councilor so serve with faith,
Therefore, choose you, and I let Peng-hien … ”
About Li-Bo (known as Li-Bai, na) is said to have been a precocious child who read clasicii a fairly early age. Retired Mount Low, as he studied daoismul recluse. In 724, in Shandong formed a literary circle, “The 6 idle in the bamboo grove” name meant to remind of “The wise of 7 grove of bamboo, Jin daoistii family” (p.300)
Li-Bo has become the most popular poet in Europe. Poetry, the game of spiritual imagination, stand next to a poem of sadness queries, in a tone of lament intimista; the love poems in the finesse notatiei dissolve in his purity, along with the frequency contemplatiei a calm, dreamy and voluptuoasa nature-like Walk sad:
“Nan-hu Lake swings autumn months
Why are pictures in the greenish waters.
Vaslitul lopetilor my troubled
love the song that plays nuferii il Moon. ”
For Chinese, the greatest poet of all time is Du Fu. In truth, Du Fu is superior to his contemporaries by vibrant depth of feeling that gave her suffering and misery. What penetrates even in short poems with the original intentions of crayon:
“Even the flowers seem to weep,
Grieved by the wickedness time;
and birds cue sad, hearing suspinele
when people break those they loved … ”
Genius less spontaneous than Li Bo, Du Fu is much higher. Life habit of misery to learn to observe and feel the suffering of others. And in many of his poems are paintings in which people suffer pain “(Kaltenmark). Are famous in this respect poems Village Ciang cycle, in which the horrors of war and unjust randuielile ii ocazioneaza accents of revolt and pain:
“Because while the rich cuisine
is the steam-mbata dishes chosen,
Besides, on the battlefield of life,
osemintele poor man is bleach, scattered … ”
(Translation O.D.)
Chinese literary beginnings proze lies in the Tang Dynasty. From this period dates the first works in the current spoken language. The first novel Chinese Cave Zanelor (Ciang Tzu), became very popular in Korea and Japan. But the great Chinese novels dating from the Ming Dynasty: The river shores (nareaza events by passing razvratitii), three novel kingdom (historical novel), novel of manners: the plum flower vessel of gold. Nuvelisticii are nuvelele masterpiece of Pu Song-ling.
Chinese Theater has its roots in religious ceremonies which were accompanied by choirs and dance ritual. In XIII-XIV centuries is fixed rules: one piece had 4 acts, the roles were fixed in number 9, his mouth while one of them singing, playing the parts-function somewhat satisfying that the Greeks had a choir-. In the Ming era theater was not a popular game, but fun to use aristocratiei game was more refined, distinguished subjects, all the characters reciting alternating with parts played. Of the many remaining pieces of this period are noteworthy: Guitar and peony pavilion.
During manciuriene Dynasty, Chinese theater traditions continue from the previous, but a net gain popular ami realistic. Drama range with peach flowers, for example, presents aspects of the corruption of our age. A feature of the Chinese theater: the actor makes use of a rich repertoire of gestures that have a symbolic effect, the game of being conventional and stylized, sometimes rhetorically, excessive.
So the culture of Chinese antiquity and old ages next was a flourishing culture, very advanced in comparison with those times, the great complexity, but also for the soul of mysticism which dominate people with slanting eyes and yellow skin. Civilization has evolved, harmless to the great conflicts of the world, accommodated by a geographic framework that has helped her and her disadvantaged while isolating it from the rest of the world. Along with the European peoples, the Egyptians, the Chinese have developed a rich culture, which meant a huge step in the development of the entire globe. Thus, Europeans, Americans, have taken the Chinese a number of items (printing, ink, equatorial system used in modern astronomy, orologiul mechanical paper), techniques (methods of drilling, raising silk worms), many trees and plants flowers (peach, orange, peony, etc.).
Also, adopting or imitating Chinese gardens and architecture, the furniture, paintings and china Chinese have contributed to the development of artistic taste, and the Chinese cult of nature, known and appreciated by Europeans now their artistic products, contributed to his exaltation of nature that will promote the romantic school.
“The Chinese have never conceived supernatural powers in a human. Representations in their religious symbols were zeitele abstract, almost geometric. When they started proslaveasca sky, they did not personified never master the universe, nor gave him a chip. ”
In Chinese, “everything is contained in a duration exceeding the time and also includes an existing individual. People are the facts of their successors, says Buddha … What we gonna do, what plan, what we work serves as the conscience of our support, and that it is based. “
